Sociological Approach to Literature Essay

The study of literature within the discipline of sociology, integrates a concern for meaning and the unique properties inherent in literary texts, reflecting the economics, attitudes, morals and religion of the society that produced the texts.1Each society inter-connected and independent, yet distinct and diverse is influenced by the literature, for there are innumerable instances exemplifying the co-relation of life and literature. The impact of literature is influential on man’s behavior and outlook, moreover, governing the minds of the populace, as proved in the realms of the history, either reinforcing the social system or invalidating it.2From the reserves of the product of a creative and selective process that spanned centuries of historical and religious change, â€Å"Jahili†3 poetry administer the transvaluation of the cultured atmosphere of the Near East and the religious vision of a nascent Muslim doctrine in the pastoral-nomadic societies of the Early Arabs. Projecting the synonymous notion, in the contemporary world, with addition to the eloquent and artistic value, the literature delineates sociological aspects in reality, for instance, the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan cast an increasingly angry eye on the exacerbating situation of his homeland: You people, your foes are not such as to be gentle and merciful. You people, before you is nothing but exile, so get ready.4 Literature has the efficacy to enlighten the intellectual understanding of the human race, transforming history, conjointly demolishing the hurdles obstructing the growth of society hence ‘each society would develop when the literature flourishes from within’,5 with the assistance of effectuating the ideologies and the postulates registered in the expositions. This paper suggests that the quintessential book of ‘Raudat-Hidayat’6, the stacked selection of hundred conclusive ‘ahaadeeth shareefah and akaaleem muneefah’ by His Holiness. Dr. Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS, as being the truest form of literature, reflects the structure and culture of Dawoodi Bohras, meanwhile inculcates the ingenuity for the satisfactory living in this adversary world. The indispensable collaborator, embodying the reflections and descriptions, despite of being sterile from a sociological point at the first sight, genuinely penetrates into the private and discreet sou rces of  individual life. The inferences for the relationship between literature and sociology have been broached and opted for, such as Emile Durkheim rejected the idea that education could be the force to transform society by concluding that education ‘can be reformed only if society itself is reformed’7. The precept of literature being a mirror to the society is ancient; however it is said, the idea of the systematic application appeared as an inception in Madame de Stael’s â€Å"De la litterature consideree dans ses rapports†8, exhibiting a social and historical interpretation of literature of several nations. To further the accessibility of sociological concepts, Lewis Loser proposed to use the literature in the classrooms, in order to deepen the understanding of various social issues. In the neoteric times, Wendy Griswold professed that the â€Å"sociology of literature was a non-field, like an amoeba -lacking firm structure†.9 The ambiance of literature awakens the consciousness of the mankind, generating the idea of utopia, a distinguished world10, established on humanization, which has been suppressed and eliminated, making the wealthiest societies on the Earth uninhabitable11. In the second half of the twentieth century, crime and social disorder began to rise, reckoning to the weakening of human ties, accelerating sharply approaching the decline of trust and confidence. The technological change which brought the â€Å"creative destruction†12 in the metropolis evoked reciprocal catastrophe in the world of social relationships, as registered by the statics of fatherless child, broken trust and deindustrialization. When the perseverance of the universe is close to humiliation, the eminence of this book is irreproachable, affirming the significance of eloquently presented words of wisdom, out of which one hadees, supplementing the cause of humanization, is as follows: â€Å"Do good to the worthy an d the unworthy. If a person is worthy, then he is deserving of that good. If a person is unworthy, then you are one who does good regardless.†13 The message of literature, elucidating the mark of greatest value of human being is humanism, embodied with the intellect which overshadows instinct, to differentiate purified from the contaminated, limiting the access to the beneficial over the hazardous matter. A society build around the technology has covered the grounds of diplomacy, granting in return freedom and equality, which has been claimed and modified, without taking any effect, for inequality of recognition, respect, love, care and  solidarity are found in the recent years14, whereas, this piece of advice deals with the equality on the main scale, which in turn envelopes the social structure with the fabric of love. Thus, the individual attains the best diversion from tension, anxiety, worries and fear for masses towards achieving a sense of relief and freedom, moving forward to the goal of perfection and liberation, which is rightly divulged by the culture of Dawoodi Bohras, as acknowledged by Mathew Arnold15: ‘ Harmonious human perfection can be achieved only by culture, since culture is nothing but the love for the study of perfection in thoughts, words and deeds.’ The aspiration of disembarkation of spiritual satisfaction stem in human efforts in the field of science and technology, literary and religious services, in this manner, it is crucial to reveal such cultural knowledge, to generation after generation. Robert Browning16 visualized the gaining of power by acquiring highest knowledge as the aim of life and with the passage of time realized that the highest goals and ideals shouldn’t be relinquished for earthly desires or trivial things, as failure to achieve perfection is not substantial, which can be spoiled by the efforts of forces, than care and devotion involved for the contrivance of lofty and noble ideals. All of this literary content seems to be imprisoned in the texts, for it is rarely seen that the vision Robert presented is acted upon, the intellectual concepts have been confined to materialism, leaving behind the refinement of spirituality. The theory and practice have the natural affinity to each other, which will be reconciled from the impact of the practitioners, just as His HolinessTUS enlightens the pathway towards good cause by demonstrating His deeds and thoughts. Making theory and methods relevant to real problems of the society and issues would end the tedi um but the question raised is not â€Å"what should we do† but rather â€Å"do we have the will to do it?†17 The dilemma is the courage to carry out the enforced task, however, describing its complex nature, linking the attributes of spirituality along with the dignified body, as W.B. Yeats symbolically expresses the mortal life of man as the broad base of the spiraling cone and the apex representing the spiritual life of man. The clarification of concepts in order to make efforts for the cleansing of the souls, is magnified in the literature represented by His Holiness TUS, like it can be seen in this advice that the doer is sprinkled with the peace and  satisfaction by the revelation of him being towards the positive way, in all the aspects of life, as proclaimed by Syedi Yusuf Bhaisaheb NajmuddinRA in the eloquence of the literature of Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA : â€Å"He served by his noble self in detecting the meanings of eternal kind, and in between those meanings, were factual explanations and eternal concealments, glorifying the aspects of life and the exposures of the universe, with the eternal benefits, explaining all the themes which will emerge continually, appointing its principle and its assets.†18 The idiosyncrasy of Fatemi literature in the combination of this world and here-after, the utter projection of the truth, surmounts the relation between literature and sociology, and grant s the reader this perspective: â€Å"Everything that was bestowed on him, led him to a clear straight path, the view became distinctive, collecting the thoughts in its scope†19 Thus it has been collected that the literature shows the correct path of light, illuminating the human’s mind and soul in the process, which makes him tackle the hardships of life, and evolve personal satisfaction, augmenting the desired perfection, proven by the literary statistics of the Dawoodi Bohra’s society, piously devoted to the welfare of the humanity, and abiding by the laws of humanization, in the guidance of their spiritual father, emanating the theories into practice. The prayers of the Mumineen sect are always for their Moula, before the Almighty to bestow him with a long life, and his descendant till the Day of Judgment. Ameen.

Strateget management Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strateget management Reflection - Assignment Example Needless to say, it is something every company executive must keep in mind in running their business. Quite frankly though, this is a bit of a no-brainer for me; I have been raised from birth to be responsible in all aspects of life, so strategic management isn’t something I am incapable of. While it is true that different people may have varying degrees of success in this regard, this will still help any business no matter what field. Case in point: all big name companies that we have known, regardless of whether they were forced to declare bankruptcy, were able to pull this off somehow else they would never have gotten off the ground. Most of us, even non-business majors, no doubt already know this. This being the case, it becomes even more important to learn this skill which will spell the difference between success and failure in our careers. In particular, three steps are most important in my opinion – scanning both the external (knowing one’s surroundings) and internal (knowing oneself) environments, as well as the competition (knowing the enemy), which will be the focus of this paper. As I heard somewhere before, only by knowing both oneself and the enemy (or in this case, competition) can success be guaranteed. According to Elisabeth Chapus et al (2010), environmental scanning, both internal and external, is meant to aid managers in making decisions and to respond adequately to weak signals coming from the environment. Coming up with plans usually entails taking into account the current situation, and strategic management is no exception. However, unlike normal planning that focuses mainly on thinking of the future, strategic management emphasizes good decision-making in order to achieve a desirable future (Craig Dobbins, 2010). To this end, managers must be able to make educated guesses about the future based on what they see now, achieving a fit in terms of how the company can

Greed Field Ventures Limited Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greed Field Ventures Limited - Case Study Example This study declares that the accumulated profit of the company grew from $35,070.00 in 2001 to $1,000,078.00 in 2009 representing 2,851% increase. Likewise shareholders interest grew from $142,570.00 in 2001 to $2,876,628.00 in 2009 representing 2017% increase. As a result of this growth the ownership structure, management structure and business strategy have been transformed. Two key partners invested in the expansion process. The management team is gradually developing a corporate identity and governance strategies. The work force has increased in quality and quantity to meet the human resource needs of the new GFVL. From on-the-farm and warehouse sales the company has developed a modern marketing strategy involving advertisement, promotions and direct supplies. Allison Madison has been in agricultural production since 1980s. He inherited a vast land at different locations. All together he inherited about 1150 acres. Only about half of the total farm land was cultivated at the init ial stage. Farming was highly seasonal. Hence there the capital base was small. The turnover was about $89,500.00. Only the farm lands close to villages were cultivated. Labour was provided by villagers and seasonal migrants. There were no built structures except small round-shaped mud warehouses scattered in the village settlements. The crops produced were crops produced in the neighbouring village settlements. They were all cereals: maize, millet and guinea corn. Although production was above subsistence level, farm produce were largely sold in the village market. Thus prices were highly variable and unpredictable. There was no proper record of the inputs and outputs in the production process. Except for the processing of maize stalks into fence, there was no value added to the production process. By late 1990s Allison has settled down. The acreage inherited was fully utilized. The types of crops produced have increased. From this paper it is clear that ground nuts, soya beans and rice were produced. Manual labour was complimented by tractors. Two tractors were hired. The size and type of crops produced were not for village market. Two warehouses were consequently built, where farm produce were stored and sold when prices are favourable. A truck with capacity of conveying 3 tonnes was bought purposely for transporting produce to distant markets and buyers. Allison was assisted in the management of the farms by his son, with a degree in business administration, and his nephew with a diploma in agricultural economics. These two young men began to transformation of Allison's business. They were initially not salaried and had no offices. They relied on informal commissions and returns from their small farms. The Launch In 2000, new windows of opportunities were opened as a result of new agricultural policies implemented by the government. The Cassava Enterprise Development Programme was more promising. To benefit from the loans, technical assistance and other in centives under this programme, Allison had to formalize his farm holdings. His son and nephew handled this task and Madison & Sons was born. A bank account was opened in the new to access the loan. Also, an office with at least a farm manager, accountant and clerical staff was needed to benefit from capacity building on farm management.  

Psychological Factors of Crime and Constitutional Criminal Procedure Thesis

Psychological Factors of Crime and Constitutional Criminal Procedure - Thesis Example Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud talks about the â€Å"psychoanalytic theory†. According to this theory, the human mind in its natural stage does not harbour any sort of crime or hatred towards the community or its fellow beings. However, once the human being starts interacting with the society do the traits develop of negativity and crime. While the person interacts with people around him, he starts altering his mind and behaviour according to the developments taking place within the society. This can have a huge impact on the behavioural aspects of the human beings. The theory talks about the stage from an individual starts to give birth to negative traits about humanity. This happens if the person is outward in his emotions and tends to dislike and be disinterested with his life. Once he starts to get disinterested in the role of his life according to the societal needs, there is a great chance that he may start questioning the very reason for a society to exist. Once al l these questions brew in his mind, it all gives birth to a criminal mind, which accompanied by outward nature of emotional occurrence could lead to killings and other aspects of crime. So on one hand we see that human behaviour is always positive, but on the other hand we find that there are instances and situations where the negativity within the human mind takes over the conscious framework of happiness ad goodness for fellow beings, due to the nature of the society that the man starts to develop hatred for the same. It is extremely tough for minds which are weak in their consciousness to hold them tolerant for all the negativity surrounding their habitat. At the end of the day a lot of people do give in to the unfortunates of the society, and the fact that they are not able to defeat that negativity in their minds leads to crime in the society, whereby they take weapons and other means of mass destructions to eke out this negativity somehow form their system. One of the main rea sons of crime is the fact that the person who has developed a criminal mind has not been able to throw out the frustrations and negativity which has been living in his mind out of his system. Frustrated with life and other aspects of the society, he tries to find out means to throw away this frustration. But unfortunately he is not able to. Once he realizes that it is not going anywhere for him, and the fact that society seems to be largely responsible for his growing frustration and negativity, he decides that the best way to throw away such frustration is to give the negativity back to the people of the society, And this is where the phenomenon of crime starts to develop. A person takes upto crime due to a lot of sociological factors which get embedded into psychological factors. Society has been very much responsible for the derailment of humanity and the development of crime. The factor of crime always remains a negative factor as no one individual has been attracted to commit a crime in the first place. However, social inequalities and differences which have been casted upon the people have led to the ever growing situation of crime across different societies. Let us take an example of a man who has been going through a rough patch. He has been side-lined in his profession and does not have any hope to survive in his life. On top of that, his house is under stress from the landlord who

Clinical Reasoning Assessment Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Clinical Reasoning Assessment Scenario - Essay Example Diagnosis is an abstraction of signs, symptoms, and inferences based on the patient assessment and scientific knowledge of the attending nurse (Malen, 1986). This paper will provide the nursing diagnosis and the supporting evidence for postoperative cholecystitis and cholylithiasis patient. The patient is Cicek Olcay, 53 years old, Turkish, and admitted at Day Procedure Unit or DPU (Bullock and Henze, 1999). All admission requirements had been collected and indicated, the checklist completed. Her gall bladder has been removed and pain was only experienced during a transition or transfer to the ward from the post anaesthetic recovery room or P.A.R.U. Pathophysiology of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis – it is an acute inflammation of the gall bladder associated with obstruction of by the gall stones. The causes can be that common bile duct stones were formed in the bile duct, or they may be formed in and transported from the gall bladder (Doenges et al, 2010). It was suggested that Cholelithiasis is usually asymptomatic while Cholecystitis can result if stone becomes lodged in one of the ducts (Cuschieri, Dubios, Mouiel, Mouret, Becker, Buess, G, et al, 1991). Etiology The stones usually develop in and obstruct the common bile duct or the cystic duct; it is also found in the hepatic, small bile, and pancreatic ducts. 90% of cases involve stones in the cystic duct or calculous cholecystitis, and the other 10% involve cholecystitis without stones or acalculous cholecystitis according to Gladden & Migala (2007). The stones are made up of cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, or a mixture caused by changes in the bile composition. Bile cultures are positive for bacteria in 50% to 75% of cases but bacterial proliferation may be a result or consequence of cholecystitis, but never the cause (Gladden & Migala, 2007). Other causes include stasis of bile or bacterial infection or ischemia of the gallbladder. The failure to remove impacted stone can lead to bile stasis or bacteremia and septicemia causing cholangitis which is considered a medical emergency. The statistics for morbidity of gallstones are two to three times more frequent in females than in males. The perforation occurs in 10% to 15% of cases, and 25% to 30% of clients either require surgery or develop complications (Gladden & Migala, 2007). Mortality was indicated that about 10,000 deaths occur annually; about 7,000 deaths result from gallstone complications, such as acute pancreatitis. There is 4% mortality rate for calculous cholecystitis and about 10-50% rate for acalculous cholecystitis. Care Setting Severe acute attacks of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis usually require brief hospitalization. This type of care is applicable for the acutely ill, hospitalized client and surgery is usually performed after symptoms for the illness have subsided (Bisgaard et al, 1999). Nursing Priorities The priority for the nurse during the care for patient with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis i s to relieve pain and promote rest. In addition, the patient should be assisted to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, prevent complications, and provided with information about disease process, prognosis, and treatment needs (Doenges et al, 2010, 498). The following are subjective data, objective data, vital sign, nursing

Organization from a communication management perspective Assignment

Organization from a communication management perspective - Assignment Example These social media categories serves the organizational communication to its intended audience. Its intended audience could be the organization’s members and officers and in the case of a business organization, to its target market, shareholders, potential customers and regulatory agencies. The use of social networking does not only provide an interactive web presence but also reinforces the positive image of the company by informing the public about the organization’s products, services and activities including its business practices that would reflect good corporate citizenship consistent with the practice of ideal organizational communication. Theories of organizational communication posits that organizations need to relay itself not only with its internal customers (employees) but also with the external customers not only the positive activities that made them as organization but also the values that help shape the organization thereby fostering not only understandi ng about the company but also reinforces its positive image as well (Dainton and Zelley, 2005). Social networking as a function of social media is also an excellent platform to communicate corporate culture that animates the organization enabling its intended audience to understand and relate with the company better. Another social media category that can benefit an organization from a communication management perspective is the search category such as Google and Bing. This is essential because search engine ranking establishes the web presence of the organization. If the organization cannot be found on the search engine either through plain search or links, it would also be tantamount to being absent in the web. Even if the organization has an excellent website or social media page, it would be tantamount to nothing if it cannot be reached by its intended audience. In organizational communication, it is essential that the message of the

Read the Book Cures by Martin Duberman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read the Book Cures by Martin Duberman - Essay Example In this text, the writer documents his own struggle with his personalized homophobia between 1948 and 1973 when he ultimately manages to become successful, attaining his own freedom as a forthrightly gay person via his engagement with political activism. This is a wonderful book that gives a clear insight into the life of self-confessed gay person, as well as giving us a view of how life is for such persons. On reading the book, I definitely liked every bit of it as it is a reality that most people fear to face, though an emotional one. The writer, first a very bright student, who later became a recognized historian, a successful author and a creative tutor. His remarkable predilection for academic success serves as a harbor away from his libido’s temptation and also as a fortification from his own psyche given to self-hatred and self-doubt when he is not filled with the duty of completing all the several projects at once (34-78). Eventually, after about twenty years of indiff erent failed attempts at relinquishing his homosexuality, we find that be becomes successful, attaining his own freedom as a forthrightly gay person largely via his engagement with political activism. ... Moreover, he captures outstandingly well the complexity as well as the indistinctness of his personal struggle by depicting himself as unquestionably harboring homophobic view whereas, concurrently, experiencing the enjoyment that comes with the homosexual intimacy (67-98). Correspondingly, he paradoxically demonstrates the vainness of the ‘cures’ with tales of his developmental discovery of the subculture of gay and the enjoyment he gets from his experiences of homosexual sex whereas concurrently making trips every week to the psychiatrist who was supposed to help him get out of the ‘pathological’ inclinations or habits. His story clearly demonstrates that, during these twenty years, the secret was the norm. The freedom lobby group was in the hands of just a few whereas the large number of the lesbians and gays all over the country, who were struggling with personal self-hatred and their routine struggle for the physical and psychological survival, always p aid very little attention or were never bothered at all concerning the growing movement for the freedom of an identity that they were dynamically attempting to refute (121-176). Nevertheless, the writer himself, now well acquainted with the facts regarding the history of the liberation of lesbians and gays, does not make any claim to have realized its emergence and developments, to have embraced them on some occasions when he actually realized them, or to have even known their significance as they were growing. His own entrenched denunciation of homosexuality as being a pathological forced him to belittle the efforts of lesbian and gay proponents to gain sight and to fight the stigmatization of the society. The internal struggles of Doberman